The investigational anticancer therapeutic entrectinib, being developed by Ignyta, designed to targets the proteins TrkA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK, is safe, tolerable, and showed signs of clinical activity in patients who had several different types of cancer with NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or ALK gene alterations and had not previously been treated with a Trk-, ROS1-, or ALK-directed targeted therapeutic. This conclusion is based on results from two phase I clinical trials (the ALKA-372-001 study and the STARTRK-1 study)presented during the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), being held April 16-20, 2016 in New Orleans.
?Alterations called fusions involving the NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, and ALK genes are detected in a variety of types of cancer,? said Alexander Drilon, MD, (photo) assistant attending physician of the Developmental Therapeutics Clinic and the Thoracic Oncology Service and principal investigator of STARTRK-1 and STARTRK-2 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. ?These fusions cause heightened activity of the TrkA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK proteins coded for by these genes, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival.
Photo 1.0: Alexander Drilon, MDRapid and durable response
?Our data show that entrectinib, a potent oral inhibitor of TrkA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK proteins, can achieve rapid and durable responses in patients with a range of advanced or metastatic solid tumors harboring NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or ALK gene fusions,? continued Drilon. ?A phase II clinical trial, called STARTRK-2, is ongoing to determine whether these early results can be confirmed in a much larger cohort of patients.?
In September 2015, initial results from the two phase I clinical trials, STARTRK-1 and ALKA- 372-001, were reported, establishing 600 milligrams of entrectinib administered orally once daily as the recommended phase II dose. Data from these two trials also showed an objective response rate of 72 percent among the 18 patients who met criteria for what was defined as a phase II? eligible population: the presence of NTRK1/2/3, ROS1, or ALK gene fusions in their tumors, no prior treatment with a TrkA/B/C-, ROS1-, or ALK-directed targeted therapeutic, and treatment at or above the recommended phase II dose.
The researchers are now reporting updated data for additional patients in the two trials who met the phase II eligibility criteria, as well as updated safety data in additional patients. After a median follow-up of 11 months, 11 of the 13 patients who responded remain on the study, including one patient who had non?small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a ROS1 gene fusion who has had a complete response that has been maintained for more than two years.
Partial response
The remainder of the 12 patients who responded to entrectinib had partial responses. These responses were seen for patients with a variety of types of cancer: NSCLC, colorectal cancer, and mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland with NTRK1/2/3 gene fusions; NSCLC with ROS1 gene fusions; and NSCLC and colorectal cancer with ALK gene fusions.
Drilon explained that the researchers were particularly encouraged by the observation that one patient who had NSCLC with an NTRK1 gene fusion that had metastasized to the brain had an overall partial response but a complete response in the brain. ?This was noteworthy because the brain is a relatively common site for NSCLC metastasis and other therapeutics may not be as effective against brain metastases,? he said
NTRK1/2/3 gene fusions can be rare within some types of cancer, but are common across many different cancers, and our preliminary data show that tumors with these genetic alterations can be exquisitely sensitive to entrectinib,? added Drilon. ?We do need to validate these results in larger numbers of patients, but patients and their physicians should strongly consider comprehensive genetic profiling to determine whether these gene fusions are present in the patient?s tumors. If they are, there is a good chance that treatment with a Trk inhibitor like entrectinib will result in very meaningful benefit.?
Drilon has received travel and lodging reimbursements and honoraria from Ignyta, and has been part of a speakers bureau for Ignyta.
Last editorial review: April 17, 2016.
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