New study results presented at the 2013 European Cancer Congress (ECC2013), vein held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, seem to suggest that women with ovarian cancer that has recurred after chemotherapy, have survived for longer after treatment with a biological therapy called cediranib (Proposed trade name: Recentin, AstraZeneca).[1]
Cediranib, also known as AZD2171, is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. This investigational compound is being developed by AstraZeneca as a possible anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent is not currently approved for use in the European Union or United States
Taken in pill form, cediranib, binds to and inhibits all three cell signalling processes involved in formation of tumour blood vessels –the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1,-2,-3) tyrosine kinases — which are essential for tumor growth. By doing so, the trial drug blocks the process of VEGF-signaling, angiogenesis (development of blood vessels), and tumor cell growth. Cediranib is the first oral inhibitor of its kind to show an improvement in the time before patients? disease progresses and in overall survival.
Real improvement
Professor Jonathan Ledermann, BSc MD FRCP, Professor of Medical Oncology at UCL Cancer Institute, University College London,presented the first results from ICON6, an international randomised, double-blind, academic clinical phase III trial of cediranib. [2][3] ?In women whose ovarian cancer had been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy together with cediranib given during and after the chemotherapy, we found that the time before the tumour started to grow again was extended by an average of 3.2 months. This sounds like a modest increase but represents about a 30% improvement, with overall survival also increased by a similar amount, to an average of 2.7 months over a two-year period of follow-up,? he said.
Studies with chemotherapy alone have shown that the time before patients experience disease progression following treatment for a relapse that is sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy is an average of eight to nine months. These latest results show that cediranib in addition to chemotherapy increased the time before the disease progressed from 9.4 to 12.6 months over a period of two years, and it extended overall survival from 17.6 to 20.3 months.
Simple to give and well tolerated
?These are ground-breaking data,? Ledermann said. ?Cediranib is the first oral VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been shown to delay tumour progression and improve overall survival in recurrent ovarian cancer. It is simple to give for a prolonged period and in most patients it is well-tolerated.? Adverse side-effects included high blood pressure, diarrhoea and fatigue.
This is the first trial to have demonstrated a benefit of concurrent cediranib with chemotherapy, as well as demonstrating an additional benefit with maintenance cediranib.
Clinical trial
A total of 456 patients whose ovarian cancer had recurred were enrolled in the trial in 63 centres from the UK, Canada, Australasia and Spain. They were randomised to receive platinum-based chemotherapy together with a placebo (the reference arm of the trial), or 20 mg a day of cediranib during chemotherapy followed by placebo for 18 months (concurrent arm of the trial), or 20 mg a day of cediranib during chemotherapy followed by cediranib as a maintenance treatment (maintenance arm).
?ICON6 has a three-arm design in which the effect of cediranib given with chemotherapy and continued as maintenance can be compared with standard chemotherapy. This is the first trial to have demonstrated a benefit of concurrent cediranib with chemotherapy, as well as demonstrating an additional benefit with maintenance cediranib,? he noted.
Substantial benefit
An increased survival time of nearly three months is significant in this group of patients. Ledermann explained: ?In previous ovarian cancer trials any improvement seen with each new treatment has been incremental. Survival has improved through sequential use of drugs. Most of the recent positive trials have shown an improvement in progression-free survival. Trials showing an improvement in overall survival are uncommon. Cediranib produces an incremental improvement in progression-free survival and an incremental improvement in overall survival. Although the average improvement in overall survival is 2.7 months, some patients will see a much more substantial benefit.?
Making a difference
Commenting on the results, Professor Cornelis van de Velde, MD. Ph.D, the current ECCO president, said: ?These are important results for women with recurrent ovarian cancer. Once the disease has recurred there are few treatment options available that make a significant difference to its progression and to overall survival. The ICON6 trial shows that cediranib does make a difference and it is to be hoped that it can be made available to women as soon as is practicable.?
For more information:
[1] Abstract no: LBA10. Randomised double-blind phase III trial of cediranib (AZD 2171) in relapsed platinum sensitive ovarian cancer: Results of the ICON6 trial. Presidential session III, 12.30 p.m. CEST, Monday 30 September 2013, Hall 7.1.
[2] ICON6 is an academic trial run by the UK Medical Research Council?s Clinical Trials Unit, funded by Cancer Research UK, and supported by AstraZeneca. It is a Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) trial with participating groups from UK (NCRI and SGCTG), Canada (NCIC Clinical Trials Group), Australia/New Zealand (ANZGOG) and Spain (GEICO).
[3] Jonathan Ledermann, B.Sc., MD, FRCP on Gynecological Cancer at the European Cancer Congress 2013 [Video]
Educational Book
The Educational Book from ECC 2013 is published as a supplement to the European Journal of Cancer. [Download]
Photo:Professor Jonathan Ledermann,BSc MD FRCP, Professor of Medical Oncology at UCL Cancer Institute, University College London.Photo courtesy:Robert van der Zwart; Quadia/Oncology TV.
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